Following the success of the village Kummesdorf with two Aggregate series rockets , Wernher von Braun and Walter Riedel began thinking about the design of a much larger rocket in the summer of 1936 on the basis of a machine that is projected to have 25 metric tons of thrust . A - 4 project was postponed after the test the aerodynamic stability of the model A - 3 in 1936 had disappointing results , von Braun gave details of perfomance A - 4 in 1937 , and the design and construction of the A - 4 performed circa 1938-1939 .
On 28-30 September 1939 , Conference Der Tag der Weisheit ( the policy ) was held at Peenemunde to start financing university research to solve problems keroketan . In late 1940, the Army Research Center at Peenemunde virgin core technology will successfully solve closely with the success of type A - 4 . The technology is a large rocket engine liquid-fueled , supersonic aerodynamics , gyroscopic guidance and control fins jet bursts . At the time , Hitler was not too fascinated with the V - 2 , it shows that the V - 2 rocket is just an artillery shell that has a greater range and higher prices jau !
In early September 1943 , von Braun promised JarakJauh Bombardment Commission that the A - 4 landslide development is complete , but the reality until mid- 1944 , A - 4 lists the components that complete yet ready . Hitler may still remain fascinated by the ability of the weapon but admire the dedication of a team of developers V - 2 , and Hitler also need a " wonder weapon " ( an amazing weapon ) for moral menjata Germany . Hitler approved the implementation of a large number of weapons V - 2 .
At the time of launch of the type A - 4 launch yourself with its own power along the 65 seconds and a nose angle of the motor control program at a given angle when the engine is turned off , then the proceedings in flight with a rocket falling trajektor - free ( free fall ) . The rocket reached an altitude of 80 miles before the engine is turned off .
Fuel pumps and oxidation of materials powered by steam turbines , the steam is produced by mixing Hidroken peroxide and potassium permanganate catalysts . Alcohol tank and oxygen tank , both made of magnesium - aluminum alloy .
The reaction in the combustion chamber reaches 2500-2700 ° C. Water - alcohol fuel is pumped through a two -walled chamber of the main combustion chamber ( bottom ) . It cools the main combustion chamber walls and heating fuel ( regenerative cooling ) . The fuel is then pumped into the main combustion chamber through the nozzle 1224 , which ensures the accuracy of the mixture of alcohol and oxygen during combustion . Small holes also allow partially alcohol into the combustion chamber to form a thin layer ( boundary layer ) that protects the cold room wall burners , especially on the narrow neck of the chamber . A thin layer ( boundary layer ) alcohol is lit when making contact with the atmosphere , which results in a long tail flame jet and soft ( diffuse ) ( final design of the machine after the V - 2 does not use alcohol effect to cool thin walls and patterned tail showed " shock diamonds " )
V - 2 is directed to the use of four fans and four tail fins are made of graphite at the end of the rocket motor . LEV - 3 guidance system ( system control ) consisted of two free gyroscopes ( horizontal and vertical ) for lateral stabilization gyroscope and an accelerometer that is connected to the electrolytic integrator ( engine turned off while a thin layer of silver on the side runs out terelektrolisa berkonduksitasi low base ) . Some late model V - 2 use a " guiding light " ( radio signals emitted from the ground ) to navigate towards the target , but fashion - models of the early uses a simple analog computer that controls the azimuth rockets , flight distance is controlled by the amount of time until the machine is turned off , and " Brennschluss " , control of land using doppler system or various accelerometer integration within the rocket . The rocket then stopped to pick up speed and hit a fly sets the highest ( approximately parabolic kra )
Paint the outside of the V - 2, which operated mostly camouflage patterned with a few variations , but at the end of the war green rocket also used plain old . During a test , a rocket was colored with a checkerboard pattern typical black and white , which helps show that the rocket scroll through the longitudinal axis .
Type : Single stage ballistic missile ( area bombing )
Country of Origin: Nazi Germany
Period of use : 8 September 1944-19 September 1952
Used by : Nazi Germany , the United States ( after the war ) and the USSR ( post- war ) i
Manufacturer : Mittelwerk GmbH ( development by Army Research Centre Peenemunde )
Cost of production : RM 100,000 in January 1944 , 50,000 RM March 1945
Produced : March 16, 1942.
specification
Weight: 12,500 kg (28,000 lb)
Length: 1,400 m (4,600 ft) (14 m)
Diameter: 165 m (540 feet)
Warhead: 980 kg (2,200 lb) Amatol
Wingspan: 356 m (1,170 ft)
Fuel: 3,810 kg (8,400 lb) of 75% ethanol and 25% water + 4,910 kg (10,800 lb) of liquid oxygen
Cruising range: 320 km (200 miles)
The flying height: 88 km (55 mi) altitude in the trajectory of maximum distance, 206 km (128 mi) maximum altitude if launched vertically.
Maximum speed: 1,600 m / s (5,200 ft / s); time of the collision 800 m / s (2,600 ft / s)
Guidance system: Gyroscope as level controllers, gyroscopic accelerometer pendulum type Müller for termination in most rocket engines were produced (10% Mittelwerk rocket used as a guiding beam upon termination machine)
Launchers: Mobile (Meillerwagen)