U - Boat Type XXI submarine Sophisticated in its time !
By : Waffen Armee
" England really lucky . Stop the war now , "said Captain Mervyn Wingfield , former Royal Navy submarine commander after checking a U - Boot Type XXI U - 2513 who surrendered to the Allies , May 16, 1945 .
Speech Wingfield is no exaggeration . Once all the capabilities of Type XXI widely revealed , many maritime technology experts agree that U - Boot is the first true submarine with a myriad of technological breakthroughs . Previous submarine U - Boot or just immerse yourself for a few moments when confronted with an emergency situation , while the U - Boot Type XXI berhabitat actually under water with power sliding faster when diving than when moving on the surface and would only come out to the surface only to charge the battery for three to five hours. If only this war machine appeared earlier , we can be sure the storyline will be another battle in the Atlantic .
U - Boot Type XXI actually more appropriate if called as E - Boot ( elektroboot or electric boat ) , because one of the hallmarks of this submarine lies in its ability to store electrical energy in a large capacity so it can move faster and last longer in the water . U - Boot type XXI futuristic design and revolutionized all types of submarines in existence and will be the forerunner of the modern submarine .
concept Modules
Type XXI engineering began to emerge in late 1942 as a solution to equip Doenitz desire war machine that is completely new for its fleet of U - Boot . When it was seen that the situation is reversed and the U - Boot no longer gain much success as in 1939-1941 . The base is used as the initial capital development is the result of the findings of Professor Walter . Engineers as well as the famous designer since the early 1930s has worked on a number of development projects submarines . Some works of Walter noted the concern that fishing them are innovations in the design of the hull as well as the revolution in submarine propulsion system using hydrogen peroxide .
In order to save the time of manufacture , selection refers gastric Type XXI U - Boot hull design that has made Walter , the Type XVIII . Doenitz approve this proposal and give the green light to the development of Type XXI August 20, 1943 .
There are three German shipyards involved in the program and simultaneously they stopped production of the old U - Boot and divert it to the development of Type XXI . Each is a Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg , Wese AG , Bremen , and F Schicau GmbH in Danzig . Type XXI completed first built and launched from the shipyard Blohm & Voss on April 19, 1944.
When calculated , it takes only less than a year to build a U - Boot is completely new . It is an achievement . Moreover, the work done in the midst of the Allied aerial bombing day and night to strategic targets throughout Germany . This obstacle can be overcome by creating a modular production system . In practice , the ship is divided into ten modules . Each module is done in different places . Luckily, Germany has a network of water transportation so neat enough to support the removal of parts of the submarine to the assembling area . Besides an attempt to avoid Allied bombing targets , model development system like this is also able to save labor requirements . As the picture , to build a U - Boot Type XB old needed numbers 460,000 man-hours , while the Type XXI this figure can be reduced to 300,000 man-hours .
However, the production process described above sepenuhmya not go smoothly . When applied , often occurs between one section and another section of incompatibility occurs . This is compounded by the delay in the supply of vital components . Allied aerial bombing that more severe , some Type XXI is ready to launch broken so need of repair. For example , between Dsesember 1944 to May 1945 there were at least seventeen Type XXI ready-made units that were damaged by Allied bombs downfall .
The new Rumble
Regardless of the problems encountered in the production process , all associated with the Type XXI relatively new department . Starting from the figure , the ability , through technology . Created a streamlined hull so the ship is able to operate optimally under the sea surface . There is no such thing as a deck cannon . Instead , the ship is equipped with a pair of twin dome caliber 20 mm cannon . Instead of left naked , anti-aircraft guns are packed neatly in a vault that is embedded in each pavilion .
To support the agility to maneuver under water , such as schnorchel masts , radar , radio , or hidden periscope into the structure when not in use. The same thing also applies to the two fins ( Hydroplane ) contained in the bow . In addition , the pavilion Type XXI was left open . Instead mounted on the top of the three openings . Each observer used by an officer and two of his assistants .
Shifted to the inside of the ship , Type XXI broadly divided into eight sections . Upper deck has a longer range than the distance of the lower deck . Matter of facilities for the crew was more humane than other U - Boat . The inside of the cabin is equipped with a Type XXI penondisian air tools as well as the bathroom . Just for additional info on the U - Boat older type , usually the crew could not bathe for weeks while performing their duties .
As usual , the bottom deck is inhabited by a number of components , including the battery cells totaling 372 . This amount is more than the Type IX is only equipped with 124 cells . Armed with the batteries before, then when you are below sea level , ordinary Type XXI invited bolted to a speed of 16 knots . However , when the speed was maintained at five knots , this means the ship can last more than 72 hours under water . The entire bilge further wrapped sheet metal that is a mixture of steel and aluminum alloy with a thickness of about one inch . Armed with a solid body the Type XXI Sanggung invited to dive to a depth of 280 m . This artiya Type XXI became the only German World War II submarine that is able to penetrate the sacred limits of dive depth of 200 m .
Velocity of excellence under water also brings its own wisdom . During World War II , Allied sonar device capabilities are only able to detect submarines opponent moving below the speed of 13 knots . It also depends on the weather conditions . The worse the weather , the worse the sensitivity sonar and Type XXI This means more flexibility to pounce on its prey .
Magic operates beneath the surface of the water also can not be separated from the presence of the new facility from the power source . In addition to having a pair of diesel and electric engines , Type XXI also has electric motors creep . The silent power source works by using a fan belt made of rubber so as to reduce the noise level . Indeed, technically , it's silent engine has a number of limitations . Therefore , the machine is only used in certain conditions .
The new category was touching an electronic device or part of the main arms of U- Boot , ie torpedoes . One of the electronic devices that enough attention is the presence of Nibelung Sonar . It comes around in October 1944 , the device is capable of supplying the target data in more detail . Call it from a distance , direction , up speed and this can be done for the detection of multiple targets at once . Not only that , a month before Berlin fell , variant Nibelung even more advanced Sonar can be used to distinguish the type of destroyer warship targets or ships transporting goods.
Still rely caliber 533 mm torpedo , the first Type XXI advantage lies in the torpedo payload capacity up to 24 units . Compare with Type VIIC is only able to carry 14 torpedoes kind . The number of torpedoes that much is still supported by the new hydraulic system for charging torpedoes . Technically , Type XXI could fire off a salvo of six torpedoes are armed with a new charging system then within twenty minutes , the ship was able to throw 18 torpedoes .
Kriegsmarine plans to operate at least 120 Type XXI before finally Berlin Fall . Of that number , two of which , namely the U - 2511 and U - 3008 was held in a real military operation , while the rest were evacuated to Norway and ended up in the hands of the Allies . Furthermore , the Allies take advantage of the Type XXI submarine manufacture . America , for example , menyomot technology to build the Type XXI submarine Guppy class . While the Soviets used it for basic development Whiskey class submarine .
By : Waffen Armee
" England really lucky . Stop the war now , "said Captain Mervyn Wingfield , former Royal Navy submarine commander after checking a U - Boot Type XXI U - 2513 who surrendered to the Allies , May 16, 1945 .
Speech Wingfield is no exaggeration . Once all the capabilities of Type XXI widely revealed , many maritime technology experts agree that U - Boot is the first true submarine with a myriad of technological breakthroughs . Previous submarine U - Boot or just immerse yourself for a few moments when confronted with an emergency situation , while the U - Boot Type XXI berhabitat actually under water with power sliding faster when diving than when moving on the surface and would only come out to the surface only to charge the battery for three to five hours. If only this war machine appeared earlier , we can be sure the storyline will be another battle in the Atlantic .
U - Boot Type XXI actually more appropriate if called as E - Boot ( elektroboot or electric boat ) , because one of the hallmarks of this submarine lies in its ability to store electrical energy in a large capacity so it can move faster and last longer in the water . U - Boot type XXI futuristic design and revolutionized all types of submarines in existence and will be the forerunner of the modern submarine .
concept Modules
Type XXI engineering began to emerge in late 1942 as a solution to equip Doenitz desire war machine that is completely new for its fleet of U - Boot . When it was seen that the situation is reversed and the U - Boot no longer gain much success as in 1939-1941 . The base is used as the initial capital development is the result of the findings of Professor Walter . Engineers as well as the famous designer since the early 1930s has worked on a number of development projects submarines . Some works of Walter noted the concern that fishing them are innovations in the design of the hull as well as the revolution in submarine propulsion system using hydrogen peroxide .
In order to save the time of manufacture , selection refers gastric Type XXI U - Boot hull design that has made Walter , the Type XVIII . Doenitz approve this proposal and give the green light to the development of Type XXI August 20, 1943 .
There are three German shipyards involved in the program and simultaneously they stopped production of the old U - Boot and divert it to the development of Type XXI . Each is a Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg , Wese AG , Bremen , and F Schicau GmbH in Danzig . Type XXI completed first built and launched from the shipyard Blohm & Voss on April 19, 1944.
When calculated , it takes only less than a year to build a U - Boot is completely new . It is an achievement . Moreover, the work done in the midst of the Allied aerial bombing day and night to strategic targets throughout Germany . This obstacle can be overcome by creating a modular production system . In practice , the ship is divided into ten modules . Each module is done in different places . Luckily, Germany has a network of water transportation so neat enough to support the removal of parts of the submarine to the assembling area . Besides an attempt to avoid Allied bombing targets , model development system like this is also able to save labor requirements . As the picture , to build a U - Boot Type XB old needed numbers 460,000 man-hours , while the Type XXI this figure can be reduced to 300,000 man-hours .
However, the production process described above sepenuhmya not go smoothly . When applied , often occurs between one section and another section of incompatibility occurs . This is compounded by the delay in the supply of vital components . Allied aerial bombing that more severe , some Type XXI is ready to launch broken so need of repair. For example , between Dsesember 1944 to May 1945 there were at least seventeen Type XXI ready-made units that were damaged by Allied bombs downfall .
The new Rumble
Regardless of the problems encountered in the production process , all associated with the Type XXI relatively new department . Starting from the figure , the ability , through technology . Created a streamlined hull so the ship is able to operate optimally under the sea surface . There is no such thing as a deck cannon . Instead , the ship is equipped with a pair of twin dome caliber 20 mm cannon . Instead of left naked , anti-aircraft guns are packed neatly in a vault that is embedded in each pavilion .
To support the agility to maneuver under water , such as schnorchel masts , radar , radio , or hidden periscope into the structure when not in use. The same thing also applies to the two fins ( Hydroplane ) contained in the bow . In addition , the pavilion Type XXI was left open . Instead mounted on the top of the three openings . Each observer used by an officer and two of his assistants .
Shifted to the inside of the ship , Type XXI broadly divided into eight sections . Upper deck has a longer range than the distance of the lower deck . Matter of facilities for the crew was more humane than other U - Boat . The inside of the cabin is equipped with a Type XXI penondisian air tools as well as the bathroom . Just for additional info on the U - Boat older type , usually the crew could not bathe for weeks while performing their duties .
As usual , the bottom deck is inhabited by a number of components , including the battery cells totaling 372 . This amount is more than the Type IX is only equipped with 124 cells . Armed with the batteries before, then when you are below sea level , ordinary Type XXI invited bolted to a speed of 16 knots . However , when the speed was maintained at five knots , this means the ship can last more than 72 hours under water . The entire bilge further wrapped sheet metal that is a mixture of steel and aluminum alloy with a thickness of about one inch . Armed with a solid body the Type XXI Sanggung invited to dive to a depth of 280 m . This artiya Type XXI became the only German World War II submarine that is able to penetrate the sacred limits of dive depth of 200 m .
Velocity of excellence under water also brings its own wisdom . During World War II , Allied sonar device capabilities are only able to detect submarines opponent moving below the speed of 13 knots . It also depends on the weather conditions . The worse the weather , the worse the sensitivity sonar and Type XXI This means more flexibility to pounce on its prey .
Magic operates beneath the surface of the water also can not be separated from the presence of the new facility from the power source . In addition to having a pair of diesel and electric engines , Type XXI also has electric motors creep . The silent power source works by using a fan belt made of rubber so as to reduce the noise level . Indeed, technically , it's silent engine has a number of limitations . Therefore , the machine is only used in certain conditions .
The new category was touching an electronic device or part of the main arms of U- Boot , ie torpedoes . One of the electronic devices that enough attention is the presence of Nibelung Sonar . It comes around in October 1944 , the device is capable of supplying the target data in more detail . Call it from a distance , direction , up speed and this can be done for the detection of multiple targets at once . Not only that , a month before Berlin fell , variant Nibelung even more advanced Sonar can be used to distinguish the type of destroyer warship targets or ships transporting goods.
Still rely caliber 533 mm torpedo , the first Type XXI advantage lies in the torpedo payload capacity up to 24 units . Compare with Type VIIC is only able to carry 14 torpedoes kind . The number of torpedoes that much is still supported by the new hydraulic system for charging torpedoes . Technically , Type XXI could fire off a salvo of six torpedoes are armed with a new charging system then within twenty minutes , the ship was able to throw 18 torpedoes .
Kriegsmarine plans to operate at least 120 Type XXI before finally Berlin Fall . Of that number , two of which , namely the U - 2511 and U - 3008 was held in a real military operation , while the rest were evacuated to Norway and ended up in the hands of the Allies . Furthermore , the Allies take advantage of the Type XXI submarine manufacture . America , for example , menyomot technology to build the Type XXI submarine Guppy class . While the Soviets used it for basic development Whiskey class submarine .